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Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency

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Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency
Part of the larger Insurgency in Balochistan

Map of Iran with Sistan and Baluchestan province highlighted
Date2004 – present
Location
Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran
Status Ongoing
Belligerents
 Iran
Commanders and leaders
Units involved
Border Guard
Army
Revolutionary Guard
Ministry of Intelligence		 Unknown

The Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency is an ongoing low-intensity[1] asymmetric conflict[2] in Sistan and Baluchestan Province between Iran and several Baloch Sunni militant organizations[3] designated as terrorist organizations by the Iranian government.[4] It began in 2004 and is part of the wider Balochistan conflict.[5]

Background

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Motivations of the insurgent groups

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Analysts believe that the aim of insurgents may differ from separatism to religious motivations, but they are not entirely clear. The leaders of the groups have maintained different positions:[5] from Baloch nationalism to Salafi jihadism.

Belligerents

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Iran

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Baloch rebels

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Timeline

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2005

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  • December- A bomb exploded near a car carrying then president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad during an ambush in the province, resulting in the death of one of his bodyguards and another individual.

2007

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  • 14 February – A car bomb detonated in front of a bus transporting members of Iran's revolutionary guard corps in Zehedan reportedly resulting in the death of 11 and injury of 34 others.[11]

2019

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  • 29 January – A double-bombing lightly wounded three police officers in Zahedan, the capital of Sistan and Balochistan province. Jaysh al-Adl claimed responsibility.[12]
  • 2 February – An IRGC soldier was killed and five others wounded in an insurgent attack on a Basij base in Nik Shahr city. Jaysh al-Adl claimed responsibility for the attack.[13] According to Arab news, the attack was carried out by two people who climbed the walls of the Basij paramilitary base and started shooting.[14]
  • 13 February – A suicide car bomb attack targeting a bus carrying IRGC personnel on the Khash-Zahedan road killed at least 27 soldiers and wounded 13 more. Jaysh al-Adl claimed responsibility for the attack.[15] According to Haaretz, the head of IRGC Maj. Mohammad Ali Jafari stated, without providing proof, that Israel gave the Emirates and Saudi Arabia the go ahead to conduct the attack.[16]
  • 21 March – Pakistan announced that it had rescued four Iranian soldiers kidnapped by the Jaysh al-Adl group last year. It did not announce any other details. Jaysh al-Adl had kidnapped 12 Iranian soldiers in October and later released five. Following the announcement, there were still three Iranian soldiers held by the group.[17]
  • 20 July – Two members of the IRGC were killed and another two wounded late at night during a confrontation with gunmen near the border with Pakistan.[18] The confrontation occurred in Keshtegan area of Saravan County, province of Sistan and Baluchestan.[19]

2020

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  • 30 June – Jaysh al-Adl claimed responsibility for a roadside IED blast that injured an IRGC commander on a road in Sistan and Balochistan Province.[20]
  • 5 August – Four police officers were injured when a sound bomb exploded next to their vehicle in Zahedan, capital of Sistan and Balochistan Province, Iran.[21]
  • 29 September – Three Basij members were killed and another was wounded in a drive-by shooting in Nik Shahr county, Sistan-Baluchistan Province.[22]

2022

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  • 1 January – The IRGC said in a statement that during clashes with a group of "armed terrorists" in the Kurin region of Sistan and Baluchestan province, three Basij members were killed in addition to six "terrorists".[23][24]
  • 23 April – The IRGC's Qods sector headquarters announced the killing of a bodyguard of the commander of the 110th Salman Farsi Special Operations Brigade following an ambush at a military checkpoint near Zahedan.[25]
  • November: Four killed, Three injured.[citation needed]
  • December: Two checkpoint soldiers killed[citation needed]

2023

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  • January
  • March
  • June
    • Five soldiers killed in border [31]
  • July
    • Four police killed on ambush.[32]
    • Four attackers and two police officers killed while attacking police station.[33]

2024

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  • January
    • Iran's security forces attacked the militants' hideout, killing 9 suspected fighters, including Mullah Akram Naroi who had reportedly been involved in an earlier attack on Rask police station.[34]
    • Iran carries out a missile and drone strike against militant groups in Pakistan.[35] Pakistan retaliates with strikes against militants in Iranian territory.[36]
  • April
    • On 3 April, Militants allegedly belonging to Jaish ul-Adl attacked the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps headquarters in Rask and Chabahar counties, part of southern Sistan province. The militants killed 11 security personnel. [37]

Foreign involvement

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Role of Pakistan

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Pakistan is Iran's neighbour, sharing the borders of its Balochistan with Sistan and Baluchestan. Pakistan's Balochistan province is also suffering from low-level insurgency waged by terrorist and separatist militants against the government of Pakistan. These Pakistani Baloch terrorist and separatist militant groups are allied with Iranian Baloch groups. Iran and Pakistan historically have a strategic alliance fighting these groups. In February 2014 the two states signed a pact sharing responsibility for combating militants operating across the border.[5] According to a former U.S. intelligence officer, Jundallah leader Abdolmalek Rigi was captured by Pakistani officials and delivered to Iran with U.S. support: "It doesn't matter what they say. They know the truth."[38]

Allegations of foreign involvement

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See also: Jundallah (Iran) § International sponsorship

Iran has long accused foreign states supporting insurgency in Sistan and Baluchestan. Several sources such as the ABC News, The New York Times, Daily Telegraph and Seymour Hersh have reported that Jundallah has received support from the United States.[39][40][41][42][43] Israel,[38] Saudi Arabia,[44] United Kingdom[45] and Sweden[46] are other states allegedly sponsoring the group.

Claims of Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) support were debunked by a subsequent investigation showing that the CIA "had barred even the most incidental contact with Jundallah." The rumors originated in an Israeli Mossad "false flag" operation; Mossad agents posing as CIA officers met with and recruited members of Jundullah in cities such as London to carry out attacks against Iran. President George W. Bush "went absolutely ballistic" when he learned of Israel's actions, but the situation was not resolved until President Barack Obama's administration "drastically scaled back joint U.S.-Israel intelligence programs targeting Iran" and ultimately designated Jundallah a terrorist organization in November 2010.[38] Although the CIA cut all ties with Jundallah after the 2007 Zahedan bombings, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and United States Department of Defense continued to gather intelligence on Jundallah through assets cultivated by "FBI counterterrorism task force officer" Thomas McHale; the CIA co-authorized a 2008 trip McHale made to meet his informants in Afghanistan. According to The New York Times: "Current and former officials say the American government never directed or approved any Jundallah operations. And they say there was never a case when the United States was told the timing and target of a terrorist attack yet took no action to prevent it."[43] Mashregh News, which has close ties to the IRGC, has accused Qatar of supporting both Jaish ul-Adl and Harakat Ansar Iran, alongside Saudi Arabia.[47] Harakat Ansar Iran has made an appeal on Saudi Arabian websites for funding.[48]

References

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  1. ^ Roksana Bahramitash; Eric Hooglund (March 2011). Gender in Contemporary Iran: Pushing the Boundaries. Taylor & Francis. p. 158. ISBN 9781136824265.
  2. ^ Poyraz Serdar (November 2009), "Turkish-Iranian Relations: A Wider Perspective" (PDF), SETA FOUNDATION FOR POLITICAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2015
  3. ^ Chip Cummins (19 October 2009). "Volatile Sistan-Baluchistan Region Is Base for Insurgents". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  4. ^ "IRGC wipes out terrorist cell in Sistan-Baluchistan". Radio Zamaneh. 6 April 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d e Zia Ur Rehman (May 2014), "The Baluch insurgency: linking Iran to Pakistan" (PDF), The Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 May 2016
  6. ^ "Iran trapped in a ring of unrest". Asia Times. 22 October 2009. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  7. ^ "Heavily armed "terrorist" team arrested in Sistan-Baluchistan". Radio Zamaneh. 15 February 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  8. ^ "Iran calls for return of abducted border guards held in Pakistan". The Telegraph. 28 March 2014. Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
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  11. ^ Fathi, Nazila. "Car Bomb in Iran Destroys a Bus Carrying Revolutionary Guards". The New York Times.
  12. ^ "Two bombs explode in southeast Iran, police officers wounded". Reuters. 29 January 2019. Archived from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2019.
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  19. ^ "Terrorists kill 2 IRGC members near Pakistan border". MSN.
  20. ^ "Roadside bomb targets Revolutionary Guards in southeast Iran". The Jerusalem Post. 30 June 2020. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  21. ^ "Explosion in southeast Iran injures four policemen". Al Arabiya. 5 August 2020. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  22. ^ "Three members of Iran's Revolutionary Guards killed in drive-by attack in southeast". Al Arabiya. 29 September 2020. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
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  24. ^ "Six armed terrorists killed in southeastern Iran". IRNA English. 2022-01-01. Archived from the original on 2022-01-01. Retrieved 2022-01-01.
  25. ^ "Bodyguard Martyred After Terrorists Attack IRGC General's Car in SE Iran". Tasnim News Agency. 23 April 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-05-18. Retrieved 2022-07-09.
  26. ^ "خبرگزاری فارس – موضع عبدالحمید و پر کردن خشاب تروریست‌ها برای حمله به پلیس/ آمار بالای شهادت نیروهای مدافع امنیت در سیستان و بلوچستان". خبرگزاری فارس. May 3, 2023.
  27. ^ "«خاتمه» گروگانگیری در شرق ایران؛ مقام ارشد اطلاعاتی پلیس در عملیات «آزادسازی» کشته شد". BBC News فارسی.
  28. ^ "عضو کمیسیون امنیت ملی مجلس:حقابه ایران از هیرمند با دیپلماسی قابل حل است". 27 May 2023.
  29. ^ "ادامه تنش میان ایران و طالبان درباره حق‌آبه هیرمند". العربیه فارسی. May 27, 2023.
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  31. ^ "کشته شدن پنج مرزبان ایرانی در حمله افراد مسلح در مرز با پاکستان". ایران اینترنشنال. July 24, 2023.
  32. ^ "At least four people have died in a terrorist attack in Iran". Al Arabiya. 23 July 2023.
  33. ^ "Gunmen Attack And Enter Police Station In Iran's Sunni City". Iran International. 8 July 2023.
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  36. ^ Masood, Salman (2024-01-18). "Pakistan Retaliates With Strikes Inside Iran as Tensions Spill Over". The New York Times. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
  37. ^ Tollast, Robert; Helm, Thomas (2024-04-04). "Iran hit with attacks ahead of funerals for commanders killed by Israeli strike in Syria". The National. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
  38. ^ a b c Mark Perry (13 January 2012). "False Flag". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
  39. ^ William Lowther; Colin Freeman (25 February 2007). "US funds terror groups to sow chaos in Iran". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  40. ^ Tim Shipman (27 May 2007). "Bush sanctions 'black ops' against Iran". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 27 April 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
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  43. ^ a b James Risen; Matt Apuzzo (8 November 2014). "Port Authority Officer Kept Sources With Ties to Iran Attacks". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  44. ^ Richard Zoglin (12 October 1987). "Did A Dead Man Tell No Tales?". TIME. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  45. ^ Jane Corbin (5 June 2009). "Obama and the Ayatollah". BBC. Archived from the original on 26 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  46. ^ "HDNet Original Programming – Transcripts". Hd.net.[permanent dead link]
  47. ^ "نگرانی سلفی ها از مدل اهل سنت ایران؛ قطر در جنوب شرق ایران به دنبال چیست/ گروهک انصار ایران چگونه شکل گرفت؟". Mashregh News (in Persian). 1 January 2012. Archived from the original on 15 April 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  48. ^ Dettmer, Jamie (13 February 2014). "Pakistani Jihadis Abduct Iranian Soldiers". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
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